Knowledge Goal - Know to Grow

Vedas There are four Vedas – the Rigveda , Samaveda , Yajurveda,  and Atharvaveda .  The oldest Veda is the Rigveda, composed about 3500 years ago. The Rigveda includes more than a thousand hymns (भजन), or “well-said”. It is in old or Vedic Sanskrit. These hymns are in praise of various gods and goddesses. Three gods are especially important: Agni, the god of fire; Indra, a warrior god; and Soma, a plant from which a special drink was prepared.  These hymns were composed by sages ( ऋषि ). Priests taught students to recite and memorize each syllable, word, and sentence, bit by bit, with great care. The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. It was written down several centuries after it was first composed, and printed less than 200 years ago.  Some of the hymns in the Rigveda are in the form of dialogues. A part of one such hymn, a dialogue between a sage named Vishvamitra , and two rivers, (Beas and Sutlej) that were worshipped as godde...

Gatherers are the people who gather their food. They knew about the vast wealth of plants in the surrounding forests and collected roots, fruits, and other forest produce for their food. They also hunted animals. Hunter-gatherers  are the people who get their food by hunting wild animals, catching fish and birds, gathered fruits, roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks, and eggs. Hunter-gatherers moved from place to place. They move because: if they had stayed in one place for a long time, they would have eaten up all the available plant and animal resources. Therefore, they would have had to go elsewhere in search of food. animals move from place to place — either in search of smaller prey or, in the case of deer and wild cattle, in search of grass and leaves. That is why those who hunted them had to follow their movements. plants and trees bear fruit in different seasons. So, people may have moved from season to season in search of different kinds of plants. people, pla...

 Panchayati Raj  (पंचायती राज) The Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government.  Gram Sabha & Panchayat The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat. This could be only one village or a few villages. The Gram Sabha meeting begins with the Panchayat President (who is also called the Sarpanch ) and the members of the Panchayat (the Panchs ). Every village Panchayat is divided into wards, i.e. smaller areas. Each ward elects a representative known as the Ward Member (Panch). All the members of the Gram Sabha also elect a Sarpanch  who is the Panchayat President. The Ward Panchs and the Sarpanch form the Gram Panchayat. The Gram Panchayat is elected for five years.  The Gram Panchayat has a Secretary who is also the Secretary of the Gram Sabha. This person is not elected but is appointed by the government . The Secretary is responsible for call...

State RTO Numbers Website:  parivahan.gov.in

  Every country needs a government to make decisions and get things done. The government plays a role in many factors: decisions about where to build roads and schools, how to reduce the price of onions when they get too expensive, ways to increase the supply of electricity, programs to help the poor, running postal, banking, and railway services, protecting the boundaries of the country, maintaining peaceful relations with other countries, ensuring that all its citizens have enough to eat and have good health facilities, in case of any natural disasters like tsunamis or an earthquake, it is the government that mainly organizes aid and assistance for the affected people, if there is a dispute or if someone has committed a crime it will be resolved in court. Levels of Government The government works at different levels:  at the local level : in our village, town, or locality. at the state level : covers an entire state like Gujarat, Rajasthan, and ...

Diversity in India India is a country of many diversities. We speak different languages, have various types of food, celebrate different festivals, practice different religions, wear different dresses, marriage customs, ways of praying, and greet each other. The history of many places shows us how many different cultural influences have helped to shape life and culture there. Thus regions became very diverse because of their unique histories. Diversity also comes about when people adapt their lives to the geographical area in which they live. For example, living near the sea is quite different from living in a mountainous area. Not only do people have different clothing and eating habits, but even the kinds of work they do are different. In cities, it is often easy to forget how closely people’s lives are tied to their physical surroundings. This is because in the city people seldom grow their own vegetables and grain. Instead, they depend on the market to...

The environment is the place, people, things, and nature surrounding any living organism. The environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, and the land where we live. It is a combination of natural and human-made phenomena. While the natural environment refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions existing on the earth. The human climate reveals the activities, creations, and interactions among human beings. Natural Environment Land, water, air, plants, and animals comprise the natural environment. It comprises all the domains of the Earth : lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The ecosystem  is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, all linked by the transfer of energy and material. All plants, animals, and human beings depend on their immediate surroundings. Oft...

India is a country of vast geographical expanse. In the north , it is bound by the lofty Himalayas . The Arabian Sea in the west , the Bay of Bengal in the east,  and the Indian Ocean in the south  wash the shores of the Indian peninsula. The peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides . India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km . The north-south extent from Ladakh to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km . And the east-west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km . There is a great variety in the climate, vegetation, wildlife as well as in the language and culture of India. Our country has a population of more than one hundred forty crores to date. For administrative purposes, India is divided into 28  States and 8 Union Territories . Delhi is the national capital. The states have been formed mainly on the basis of languages. ⟫ The political map of India is discussed in our previous post . Two groups of islands al...

The earth's surface is a complex zone in which three main components of the environment meet, overlap, and interact. These are  the  lithosphere   (solid portion of the earth on which we live) , Atmosphere  (gaseous layers that surround the earth) , and  Hydrosphere  (area of the Earth's surface having water on it).  The Biosphere is the narrow zone where we find land, water, and air together, which contains all forms of life. A. Lithosphere  (स्थलमंडल) The lithosphere  comprises the rocks of the earth’s crust and the thin layers of soil that contain nutrient elements that sustain organisms.  There are two main divisions of the earth’s surface. The large landmasses are known as the continents   and the huge water bodies are called the ocean basins .  All the oceans of the world are connected with one another. The level of seawater remains the same everywhere . Elevation of land is measured from the level of...

A map ( मानचित्र )  is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface according to a scale. Atlases are of various sizes, and measurements drawn on different scales. When many maps are put together we get an  Atlas . Atlases are of various sizes, and measurements drawn on different scales Physical Maps:   Maps showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc. are called physical or relief maps . Political Maps:  Maps showing cities, towns villages, and different countries and states of the world with their boundaries are called political maps . Thematic Maps: Some maps focus on specific information; such as road maps, rainfall maps, maps showing the distribution of forests, industries, etc. are known as thematic maps. Suitable titles are given on the basis of information provided in these maps. Components of Maps Distance:  maps are drawn to re...

The earth has two types of motions: rotation ( घूर्णन )  and revolution ( परिक्रमण ) . Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis. The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is called Revolution . The axis of the earth (an imaginary line), makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane . The plane formed by the orbit is known as the orbital plane. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination . This circle does not coincide with the axis. The earth receives light from the sun. Due to the spherical shape of the earth, only half of it gets light from the sun at a time. The portion facing the sun experiences day while the other half away from the sun experiences night. The earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation around its axis. The period of rotation is known as the earthday . This is the daily motion of the earth. Revolution takes 365¼ days (one year) to revolve around the sun. We ge...